PHASIC STRETCH OF MUSCLE AND AFFERENT IMPULSE TRANSMISSION IN TONIC AND PHASIC MOTONEURONES

Muscle Spindles in Phasic and Tonic Muscle.

Comparisons were made of muscle spindle structure between phasic and tonic muscles stained by the gold chloride method. The most significant difference was in the ring diameter of the sensory nerve terminals wrapped around the nuclear bags. In tibialis anterior it was largest, in gastrocnemius intermediate, and in soleus smallest. This order corresponds to the contraction time, tibialis anterio...

Voltammetric Measurements of Tonic and Phasic Neurotransmission

Tonic pain attenuates phasic pain

Pain perception is closely related to the attentional level and the vigilance of the subject [4]. The intensity of a pain stimulus and its sensation do often not coincide. A common experimental example is the so-called pain-inhibiting-pain effect: A stressful stimulus, e.g. persistent or chronic pain, often elevates the threshold for brief pain stimuli applied during the same time. Stressful st...

Crustacean Phasic and Tonic Motor Neurons1

SYNOPSIS. Crustacean motor neurons subserving locomotion are specialized for the type of activity in which they normally participate. Neurons responsible for maintained activity (‘tonic’ neurons) support moderate to high frequencies of nerve impulses intermittently or continuously during locomotion, while those recruited for short-lasting rapid responses (‘phasic’ neurons) generally fire a few ...

Homeostatic competition between phasic and tonic inhibition.

The GABAA receptors are the major inhibitory receptors in the brain and are localized at both synaptic and extrasynaptic membranes. Synaptic GABAA receptors mediate phasic inhibition, whereas extrasynaptic GABAA receptors mediate tonic inhibition. Both phasic and tonic inhibitions regulate neuronal activity, but whether they regulate each other is not very clear. Here, we investigated the funct...